Understanding GHK-Cu.

GHK stands for glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine: three linked amino acids. With copper, it forms the GHK-Cu complex. In the INCI list, this ingredient is called Copper Tripeptide-1.

Why this ingredient?

Research examines how the peptide-copper complex interacts with biological systems. This includes matrix components in cell models and questions of delivery in topical formulations.

The selected primary studies mainly provide insights into mechanisms and formulation. The available review also discusses human findings and limitations of the clinical evidence.

Human studies

The human data available in the project relate to other formulations and concentrations. A complete study report allowing independent assessment of the supplier data is not available for this presentation. We do not infer that a concentration of 1% is superior.

Cell models explain individual processes. On their own, they do not establish which visible changes a particular application produces in people. Concentration, formulation base and study duration must be considered when interpreting findings.

In NOCTE, 1% GHK-Cu is at the centre of the water-based, fragrance-free formulation.

The scientific findings presented relate to GHK-Cu, or Copper Tripeptide-1, and the respective study conditions. NOCTE contains 1% GHK-Cu. Findings from ingredient studies do not automatically equate to clinically demonstrated results for the finished NOCTE formulation.